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Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, Volume 6, Number 2, pp. 161-202
© 1999 Oxford University Press

Independent Workers, Dependable Mothers: Discourse, Resistance, and AFDC Workfare Programs

DEBORAH L. LITTLE

In the late 1980s the United States demanded that all women receiving federal welfare payments begin efforts to move off of welfare and into wage work. Underlying these demands was a discourse of dependency that opposed wage work to state benefits, men to women, white to people of color, and deserving to undeserving. This article examines the operation of dependency discourse in one city's welfare-to-work program, explicating the ways in which staff and welfare clients manipulated the discourse, creating some spaces for resistance by poor nonwhite women receiving welfare.


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